Jessica michalik biography
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Behaviour and Mechanics of Crowd Crush Disasters
Introduction
Large concentrations of people occur frequently in modern society. Usually these large gatherings of people occur without serious problems. Occasionally the combination of inadequate facilities and deficient crowd management results in injury and death, as occurred most recently in the Meron, Israel religious festival on 30 April which left 45 people dead. Crowd “mis”behaviour is usually not the primary cause of crowd disasters (Fruin, ; Still, ; Helbing and Mukerji, ). Sensational headlines using pejorative words like “panic,” “stampede” and “trampling” obscure the systematic failure of organisations to provide a safe environment for places of public assembly.
Several notable crowd crush events have been triggered by military activities in wartime, including one noted below, and it seems likely that natural disaster events could similarly trigger crown crush events. Although this review has not found documentation of such events they may well exist. This survey may provide useful insight into human behaviour in the course of emergency evacuation following natural disasters.
Fruin () proposed a simple model with the acronym &#;FIST&#; to provide a basic understanding of crowd disasters. The acronym element
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Death of Jessica Michalik
crowd crush incident
Jessica Michalik | |
|---|---|
| Born | Jessica Anna Michalik 7 January Manly, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | 31 January () (aged&#;16) Concord, New South Wales, Australia |
| Education | Cromer High School |
| Occupation | Student (Eleventh grade) |
| Parent(s) | George and Barbara |
Jessica Anna Michalik (7 January – 31 January ) was an Australian girl from Sydney, born to Polish immigrants,[1] who died as a result of asphyxiation five days after being crushed in a mosh pit during the Big Day Out music festival during a performance by headlining act Limp Bizkit.[2][3]
Incident
[edit]Prior to Limp Bizkit's set, the band At the Drive-In had taken exception to the vigorous moshing during their performance earlier that day. Their lead singer Cedric Bixler-Zavala addressed the crowd at the conclusion of their song "Cosmonaut", saying "I think it's a very very sad day when the only way you can express yourself is through slamdancing". Then after pointing at an audience member crowd surfing, he continued "look at that you didn't learn that from your best friend! You learned that from the TV!", and finally told the crowd "You're a robot, you're a sheep" before bleating at them several times and